What Is a Geotechnical Report and Who Needs It?

Florida’s soils are as diverse as its landscapes—and understanding what lies beneath the surface is critical before you build. A geotechnical report, also known as a soil report, provides vital insights into the physical properties of the soil and how it may impact your construction project.

In this post, RSP Engineers explains when a geotechnical report is required, how it’s prepared, and why it’s essential for site planning, permitting, and structural design.

What Is a Geotechnical Report?

A geotechnical report is a technical document prepared by a licensed geotechnical engineer. It analyzes subsurface conditions at your site and provides recommendations for:

• Foundation design

• Soil stabilization

• Drainage and grading

• Slope protection

• Excavation depth and risk

• Groundwater conditions

The report is based on a series of soil borings and laboratory testing, which help engineers determine the load-bearing capacity of the soil and whether special measures (like piling or soil improvement) are needed.

When Is a Geotechnical Report Required?

A geotechnical investigation is typically required during the early phases of site planning and permitting. The following situations often call for one:

• New construction projects in unfamiliar or challenging terrain

• Projects with multi-story buildings

• Sites near wetlands, slopes, or coastal areas

• When foundation settlement is a concern

• Any site requiring stormwater retention ponds or subsurface utilities

In many jurisdictions across Florida—including Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, and Orange County—a geotechnical report may be required to obtain a Florida Building Permit, especially for larger or commercial projects.

Table: Stages of a Professional Drainage Plan

Section	Description
Site Description	Overview of the property location and proposed development.
Subsurface Conditions	Summary of soil borings, stratigraphy, and groundwater depth.
Soil Properties	Data on compaction, moisture content, and bearing capacity.
Foundation Recommendations	Safe foundation types and load-bearing strategies.
Drainage and Grading Notes	Information on infiltration, slope stability, and site-specific constraints.

Why Civil Engineers Rely on Soil Data

At RSP Engineers, we work closely with geotechnical consultants to ensure that your site plan reflects accurate and actionable subsurface information. Soil data affects nearly every part of your civil design, including:

• Foundation selection (shallow, deep, or mat)

• Stormwater retention design, especially in high water table areas

• Grading limits to avoid over-excavation or erosion

• Structural safety, especially in expansive or organic soils

Using outdated or incomplete soil information can result in costly delays, redesigns, or failed inspections.

When Should You Get a Soil Report?

The best time to order a geotechnical report is during due diligence—before you finalize the design or submit for permits. If your site is in a flood zone, coastal zone, or near wetlands, early soil testing can prevent surprises down the line.

Explore how flood risk also impacts design in our article: Can You Build in a Flood Zone?

How Much Does a Geotechnical Report Cost in Florida?

Pricing varies depending on:

• The size and location of the property

• The number and depth of borings required

• The complexity of your structure

For a standard residential lot, soil testing and a report may cost $2,000–$3,500. Larger or commercial projects can exceed $5,000.

Always work with a licensed geotechnical engineer, as many local agencies will only accept signed and sealed reports.

Conclusion

A geotechnical report is more than just a formality—it’s the foundation of responsible site design. Whether you're developing a residential lot or a commercial site, understanding the subsurface conditions early can help you avoid costly setbacks.

By working with experienced civil and geotechnical engineers, you can design safely, meet code, and protect your investment.

FAQs

• Is a geotechnical report required to get a building permit in Florida?

  Yes, in many cases. Counties like Miami-Dade, Hillsborough, and Palm Beach often require a geotechnical report for new developments, especially if the soil conditions are unknown. Review your local requirements via the Florida Building Code.

• Who prepares a geotechnical report?

  A licensed geotechnical or geostructural engineer. They conduct soil borings, lab testing, and issue sealed reports based on Florida engineering standards.

• How many soil borings are needed for a typical lot?

  Usually 2–3 borings for a single-family home, depending on the size and layout. Larger sites will require more.

• Can I reuse an old geotechnical report for a new project?

  Not recommended. Soil conditions can vary widely even on the same property, and reports older than 1–2 years may not be accepted by permitting agencies.

• How is a geotechnical report different from a civil site plan?

  The geotechnical report focuses on subsurface conditions, while the civil site plan details grading, utilities, drainage, and permitting for development. Both are essential and work hand-in-hand.

Work With Engineers Who Know Florida Soils

At RSP Engineers, we’ve helped hundreds of clients navigate permitting and site design throughout Florida’s varied terrain. We collaborate with trusted geotechnical consultants to ensure your site is ready for development—from the ground up.

Need help reviewing soil data or ordering a geotechnical investigation?
Contact us today to schedule a consultation with our civil engineering team.